Ben Starr

The Ultimate Food Geek

How to Make the BEST Loaf of Bread on Planet Earth

The Best Loaf of Bread on Planet Earth

Tough title to live up to, right?  But I was literally stunned out of my mind when I tasted this bread the first time, and each time I’ve baked it since, it seems to get better.  This bread makes people scream.  Literally.

What you are about to read is very, very long.  After all, if it were that easy to make the best loaf of bread on planet Earth, you’d already be eating it every day.

It’s no walk-in-the-park.  In fact, if you don’t currently have an active sourdough starter in your fridge, you’re not gonna get to taste this bread for at least a week, probably longer.  If easy, convenient bread is your goal, try my Easy Overnight Old-World No-Knead recipe, which involves about 5 minutes of effort on the first day, and maybe 10 minutes of effort on the second day.  Just a bit of stirring, forming into a loaf, and dropping the loaf into a pan in the oven is all you have to do for that one, and it produces a spectacular loaf.  But THIS bread…this bread is just indescribable.  The crust is like micro-thin layers of glass that shatter in your mouth when you crunch into it.  The crumb is tangy, light, airy, buttery…everything that you think bread SHOULD be, but somehow never is. I warn you: once you taste this bread, you will be ruined for life to all other breads.  It is THAT good.

To start, you need a sourdough starter.  Yes, you can order one online.  I don’t recommend it.  Make your own.  It will make you even more puzzled and awestruck with the miracle of bread, knowing the yeast that leavened your bread came out of nowhere.  Even if you order a culture online, you STILL have to coddle it into life over a period of several days, so it won’t save you any work ordering a starter online.  (And your starter will EVENTUALLY turn into a local starter anyway, as your local bacteria strains fight off the weird, non-local yeast strains from San Francisco or Russia or Egypt that you paid a pretty penny for in the mail.)  A healthy sourdough starter is composed of wild yeasts (primarily saccharomyces cerevisiae) which primarily come from the grain that made up the flour you began with, and a host of lactobacillus bacteria, which live in the air in your kitchen and on your hands.  The yeast produce the rising power in the bread.  The bacteria produce the flavor and signature “sourness” of sourdough.  All these creatures strike a perfect balance in your starter and live as a colony, and once they’re well established, they are VERY resistant to invasion from outside bacteria and molds.

This starter recipe is from one of the greatest books on bread ever published, The Bread Baker’s Apprentice, by Peter Reinhart, who is one of the country’s leading experts on bread.  It takes 4-5 days to get the first stage started, which is called the Seed Culture.  Once you have developed your Seed Culture and turned that into a Barm (a sourdough base), you can keep this in your fridge or freezer indefinitely and use it whenever you like, making the bread-making process only take about 24 hours.  You will quickly find, when working with sourdough, that a kitchen scale is invaluable.  (You don’t have to measure out sticky starter in a measuring cup, just spoon it into the bowl you’ll be using to make the bread.)  You’ll also find that a stand mixer is invaluable, as we’re working with very sticky, wet doughs that are incredibly hard to knead by hand.

Seed Culture – Day 1

Combine 1 cup of stone-ground rye flour with 1/2 cup unsweetened pineapple juice at room temperature.  Stir until you have a paste or dough and all the flour is moistened.  Place it in a large 4-cup glass measuring cup or quart-sized plastic container that you can see through.  Cover it loosely with plastic wrap and let it sit on your countertop for 24 hours.

“Wait a minute,” you say.  “Pineapple juice?  WHY?  And why start with rye flour?”

Rye flour is minimally processed and naturally contains strains of wild yeast and bacteria that help turn it into bread.  When you buy bread flour from the grocery store, it is highly processed, which essentially sterilizes it and removes any wild bacteria and yeast.  So we want to start with a flour that contains all the natural bacterias and yeasts that live in harmony with grains like barley and wheat and rye.  You can find stone-ground rye flour in almost any grocery store these days.  But pineapple juice?  The problem with starting with “live” flour like stone ground rye is that it ALSO contains a type of bacteria called leuconostoc, which doesn’t have a lot of natural leavening power, but LOVES to feast on moist flour.  Left to its own devices, the leuconostoc bacteria will dominate the culture in your early days of starting the Seed Culture, and will create TONS of carbon dioxide as it eats the sugars in the flour, and will make you think your starter is very healthy.  It is…with the WRONG kind of bacteria!  Luckily, pineapple juice kills leuconostoc bacteria, but doesn’t harm the GOOD yeasts and lactobacillus bacteria we want to cultivate for our culture.  So use the pineapple juice!  It will ensure a strong Seed Culture.

Seed Culture – Day 2

You shouldn’t notice much difference in your rye/pineapple dough.  Add 1/2 cup unbleached bread flour and another 1/4 cup unsweetened pineapple juice, at room temperature, and stir or knead until everything is well mixed.  Press the dough flat into the measuring cup, cover lightly with plastic wrap, and let it ferment another 24 hours on your countertop.

Seed Culture – Day 3

On this day you should see that the culture has risen a bit and gotten kind of bubbly.  Spoon out about half of the culture and discard it.  (I know…it hurts.  But you’ll be doing a LOT of discarding of sourdough culture if you keep it up, and right now it’s not healthy enough to share with friends, so just toss it or feed it to your chickens.)  Add an additional 1 cup (4.5 oz) unbleached bread flour and 1/2 cup filtered water, at room temperature.  Why filtered?  The chlorine and other compounds added to public water supplies to ensure they are free from bacteria will also sterilize your culture!  So use bottled or filtered water that has no chlorine in it.  Mix until you have a cohesive dough, then press it flat into the bottom of the measuring cup.  Now make a little mark with a marker on the side of the cup or container so you know the original level of the dough.  Let it sit on your countertop again for 24 hours.

 

The Seed Culture on Day 4

Seed Culture – Day 4

Take a look at your Seed Culture.  If it has doubled in height or more from the line you marked, you’re ready to feed it again.  If it hasn’t doubled in height, leave it on the countertop for another 12-24 until it HAS doubled in height.  Once you’ve got a doubled height, discard half the Seed Culture and add 1 cup (4.5 oz) unbleached bread flour and 1/2 cup filtered water, at room temperature.  Stir until everything is combined, then press it into the bottom of your measuring cup once again, and make a new mark at the top of the dough.  Now let it sit until it is doubled.  This can take anywhere from a few hours to a day or two.  Once it’s doubled, you’re ready for the Barm stage.

Barm – Day 1

Measure out 1 cup (7 ounces) of the Seed Culture and discard the rest.  To this, add 3 1/2 cups (16 ounces) unbleached bread flour and 2 cups (16 oz) filtered water, at room temperature.  Stir everything together until it is well mixed.  You’ll have a sticky paste.  Transfer it to a container that’s at least twice the size of the dough, and cover the container loosely with its lid or plastic wrap.  Let it sit on the countertop for 6 hours until it’s bubbly.  Then put it in the fridge overnight.

The next day, you can use the Barm to make bread.  From this point forward, you need to feed your Barm the day before you plan on cooking with it.  But you don’t have to feed it every day.  You don’t even have to feed it every week.  IDEALLY, the Barm should be fed every 3-4 days, but you can leave it for up to a month in your fridge if you want, and you can bring it back to life with a  feeding or two before using it.  If you aren’t going to use your Barm for over a month, put it in the freezer, and it will last for a year or longer.

To feed your Barm, remove it from the fridge or freezer.  Let it come to room temperature.  (This will obviously take longer if it was in the freezer.)  Discard half of the Barm, or give it to a friend, and then weigh or eyeball the barm.  You want to double it in size each time you feed it.  (Don’t forget to factor in the weight of your bowl or container!  I keep my Barm in a large tupperware that I’ve written the weight on, so I know to subtract that much from the total weight so I know how much the Barm inside it weighs.)  If your Barm weighs 1 pound after you’ve discarded half of it, you need to expand it to 2 pounds.  You always feed with equal weights of bread flour and filtered water.  So if you need to feed 1 pound of Barm to make it 2 pounds, you’ll add 8 ounces of bread flour and 8 ounces of water.    This is where a scale comes in handy.  It’s okay to continue discarding the Barm until you have an easy number to work with, like 1 pound.  You don’t normally need a TON of Barm to make bread.  The loaf this recipe makes only call for 2/3 cup or 4 ounces of Barm, so don’t worry about keeping a ton of Barm around.  1 or 2 cups of Barm is entirely sufficient.  You can easily build it up very quickly across a few days if you need to.  Each time you feed your Barm, leave it on the countertop at room temperature, covered lightly, for 6 hours.  Then put it in the fridge overnight before beginning the bread process the next day.  Just remember that if your Barm has been in the fridge for a month, or the freezer for a year, it’s not healthy enough to leaven bread the next day, so you’ll need to feed it EVERY DAY for 2 or 3 days until it’s vigorous enough to make bread.

Sounds complex, but it’s not.  Feed HEALTHY Barm the day before you make bread.  If your Barm isn’t healthy (ie, hasn’t been fed in more than a week), feed it 2 or 3 days in a row until it gets really bubbly after 6 hours on the countertop, then put it in the fridge overnight and make bread the next day.

Best Bread in the World – Day 1

Take your Barm out of the fridge.  It should have been fed the day before.  Today you’re going to make a sourdough starter from the Barm by combining:

2/3 cup (4 oz) Barm
1 cup (4.5 oz) unbleached bread flour
1/4 cup filtered water

Stir this together.  It’s gonna be a bit stiff, so you may have to work it with your fingers if you’re not very strong with the spoon.  Then cover the container with plastic wrap, let it sit on the countertop for 4-6 hours until it has doubled in size, then put it in the fridge overnight.

While the starter is doubling, in the bowl of your stand mixer, combine:

4 1/2 cups (20.25 oz) unbleached bread flour
0.7 oz salt (this is a generous Tablespoon of Morton’s Kosher salt, weighing is better than measuring.  DO NOT used iodized salt!)
1 3/4 cups (14 oz) filtered water

Knead the dough for about 5 minutes until it is smooth and silky, then cover it tightly with plastic wrap.  Place in the fridge overnight.

Why have we just kneaded flour, salt, and water together with no yeast?  Because once flour is hydrated with water, natural enzymes in the flour begin to break down the flour’s starches into simple sugars, which can be eaten by the wild yeast we’re going to add tomorrow.  The same thing happens when you wet a seed that you’re going to plant…the stored starches in the seed begin to convert into simple sugars to feed the young seedling.  It’s a beautiful natural process that breaks down complex starch into basic sugars that the yeast will eat, and turn into both carbon dioxide (which creates the bubbles that cause bread to rise), and alcohol. (Which accounts for the intoxicating qualities of beer and wine, but which is boiled off of bread during the baking process.  It is, however, present in raw bread dough, in small quantities.)

When you add yeast and water to flour at the same time, the yeast start going crazy and multiplying…however, they are having to feed on a small amount of sugars that naturally exist in the flour, and they can’t unlock the complex starches that exist.  With commercial breads, and homemade breads made with commercial yeasts, you add A LOT of yeast to help counteract the lack of simple sugars, so the bread leavens anyway…unnaturally.  But we rarely give the dough time for the natural enzymes in the flour to do their job of breaking down the starches, so that the yeast have something MORE to eat.  By hydrating the flour for 12 hours BEFORE adding the yeast, I’ve discovered that you end up with a bread that is much more complex and flavorful and light, because the yeast have LOTS of simple sugars to eat when they finally meet the dough.  This step is my own innovation.

These 2 steps can be done up to 48 hours before the day you plan on baking the bread, but an overnight refrigeration is entirely acceptable.

Best Bread in the World – Day 2

After the starter and dough have been in the fridge for at least 8 hours (ie overnight) or up to 48 hours, remove both from the fridge and let them sit at room temperature for 2-3 hours.  Scrape the starter out of its container onto a generously floured surface and cut it into 8-10 pieces.

Reattach the stand mixer bowl containing the dough, and begin kneading with the dough hook.  Add a piece of sourdough starter every 15 seconds or so.  Once all the starter is incorporated, knead the bread for 5 minutes.  It should just stick to the very bottom of the bowl.  If it’s more sticky than that, you’ll need to add bread flour, a few sprinkles at a time, until most of the dough clears the sides of the bowl, and only the very bottom sticks to it.  If the bottom isn’t sticking at all after a few minutes of mixing, add a few drops of water until the very bottom DOES begin sticking to the bowl.

This bread dough doesn’t look anything like the dough you’re accustomed to making.  It looks MUCH more wet and much less smooth.  Don’t worry.  This is because you’re accustomed to kneading dough with flour that hasn’t been fully hydrated yet, so you get that “dry, smooth” sensation when it’s being kneaded.  This dough is different.

After 5 minutes of kneading, turn off the machine and let the dough rest for 10 minutes.  Then turn the machine back on and knead an additional 5 minutes.  Then scrape the dough into an oiled bowl using wet fingers, cover tightly with plastic wrap, and let it ferment in a warm place (preferably 76-80 degrees F, like the top of your fridge, or the inside of your cold oven) for 4-8 hours, until it is doubled in size.  There’s no harm in letting it go LONGER than 4 hours, but don’t shape it until it has at least doubled.  I typically let it sit for 6-7 hours.  Sometimes I let it sit for 6 hours on the countertop and put it BACK in the fridge overnight, baking on the 3rd day, which results in even more flavor.  DO NOT try to rush this bread to rise by putting it in the oven with the light on, putting it over simmering water or a warm stovetop, or placing it in a cold gas oven (the pilot light keeps the chamber too warm).  At temps above 80F, the wild yeasts begin creating off flavors that will damage your bread.  The most delicious loaf of bread on planet Earth cannot be rushed!  Time makes good bread, not impatience.

Now it’s time to shape.  Get a bowl about the same size as the Dutch oven you’ll use to bake the bread.  Line it with a soft dish towel and sprinkle it liberally with cornmeal or flour.  Lightly dust the countertop with flour.  Gently scrape the dough out of the bowl with wet fingers, to prevent sticking.  Then gently form it into a round loaf.  This is easier if your hand are coated in flour, and the dough sticks to the countertop.  There’s no way to describe exactly how to do this, but you’ll get the hang of it quickly.  You want to form a tight ball of dough by moving your hands around it gently but firmly, tightening the ball of dough.  Once you’ve formed the tight ball, rub it all over gently with flour, and set it into the prepared bowl lined with towels and cornmeal.  Cover it with the corners of the towel, or a new towel if the one in the bowl isn’t large enough.  Let the loaf sit on the countertop to rise until double, which can take anywhere from 2-4 hours depending on conditions in your kitchen.

About 45 minutes before baking, place a cast iron Dutch oven in the oven and preheat the oven to 425F.  Baking bread inside a Dutch ovens holds in the moisture that makes bread develop a truly epic crust.  Professional ovens have steam injection that keep the inside of the oven very moist during the first half of the baking process.  This moisture keeps the crust from developing too early and allows the inner texture of the bread to be light and airy.  It also gelatinizes the starches in the crust that will later solidify into a glassy, crunchy crust.  If you don’t have a cast iron Dutch oven, you can’t make the best bread in the world.  Sorry.  I have many cast iron Dutch ovens because they are the SINGLE best pot in the kitchen, so check places like Big Lots and Walmart and Ross and Marshalls for clearance prices on cast iron.  It can be raw cast iron, or enameled…it doesn’t matter.  Enameled requires less maintenance, but the stress on the enameled layer that comes from preheating the Dutches at high temperatures means your enamel will eventually fail and chip off.  You can still use failed enameled cast iron for baking bread if you are careful, but DO NOT cook or braise with it, or you may end up with chips of enamel in your stew!

When the loaf has doubled in size, it’s time to bake!  First, score the top of the loaf.  You can score with a knife, or the easier way, with scissors!!  You want to make 3 VERY DEEP cuts almost halfway down through the loaf.  This allows the loaf to open up as it rises in the hot oven.  The deeper your cuts, the more the loaf will expand.

Open the oven, gently move the rack out and pull the lid off the hot Dutch oven.  Place your dominant hand gently onto the surface of the dough with your fingers outstretched (like you’re making the sign for the number “5”), holding the bowl with your other hand.  Gently flip the bowl over, letting the dough drop into your hand.  Then gently turn the dough rightside-up as you drop it carefully into the hot Dutch oven.  Don’t worry too much about deflating the dough.  Treat it gently, but it WILL spring back and rise beautifully when it gets inside that hot Dutch oven!

Cover with the lid and bake for 30 minutes.  Then remove the lid and continue baking another 15-20 minutes until the crust is lovely and brown and the bread sounds hollow when you tap it.  (To ensure it’s done, you can insert an instant-read thermometer into the bread.  If it’s above 200F, it’s done.)

Immediately turn the bread out onto a cooling rack.  Give it a few pokes through the crust with a knife to release steam so that the crust doesn’t end up steaming and getting soft.

This bread is simply indescribable when eaten fresh from the oven while still hot.  It’s not easy to slice hot bread, but if you have a good bread knife, and a dish towel to protect your hand from the heat, slice this bread, slather on good butter or olive oil, and you’ll think you’ve died and gone to heaven.  And no bread, no matter what bakery it’s from, will ever, ever, ever, ever, ever match up.  The crust shatters in your mouth like thin glass.  The flavor is slightly tart, slightly sweet, yeasty, moist, and delicious.  Impossibly buttery, though, mysteriously, there’s no added fat.  There’s simply nothing like it.

70 responses to “How to Make the BEST Loaf of Bread on Planet Earth”

  1. m0 Avatar
    m0

    Hi Ben! Is there anything I can substitute for the pineapple juice? I’m allergic. Thanks!

    1. Ben Avatar

      Nothing will have the same leuconostoc-hindering properties as pineapple juice. By the time you have turned the seed culture into barm, and then into bread dough, you’re not likely to find any trace of pineapple juice left. If pineapple juice triggers a life-threatening systemic response in you, I’d just use water for the seed culture and hope for the best. If you’re simply allergic to it and it causes a basic allergy attack, I would use it without hesitating. Feed your barm 3 or 4 times before making bread the first time. It would be unthinkable after you’ve divided and increased your barm so many times for the microscopic remnants of pineapple juice to cause an allergic response, provided you’re not DEATHLY allergic.

      1. m0 Avatar
        m0

        Thank you for the quick response! Unfortunately, it is a real allergy, so I wouldn’t even play with the juice for the seed culture. Guess we’ll see if water works! Thanks again. Been a big fan since your audition on MC. <3

  2. AK Avatar

    For those deprived souls with no stand mixer, would you recommend some possibilities? I’m guessing a ha d held beater won’t do.

    1. AK Avatar

      That should read “hand held” beater. Darn smartphone virtual keyboard. Perhaps substitute Pioneer stock, back-to-nature, or financially challenged instead of deprived souls? My kitchen extravaganza this fall, several years in the savings for, was a Vitamix.

      1. Ben Avatar

        Congrats on the Vitamix! I will change your life. Mine did. You can check Craigslist for used stand mixers if you happen to live in a place with electricity! That’s a great way to get one for cheap and give it a second life. However, our ancestors did not have stand mixers to make this style of old-fashioned bread. You have 2 options: kneading very frustratingly with your hand, which will become impossibly sticky, and for every 5 minutes you spend scraping off your hand, it will get sticky again in a matter of seconds. (You can dip your hand in water to make it less sticky, but you’ll be incorporating more water into the dough that way.) There’s an old fashioned kneading method for wet rustic doughs that involves more stretching and folding than kneading…you might do some Googling or see if there’s a demo on Youtube. Your second option is to not worry about kneading, and allow fermentation and hydration to develop the gluten. Luckily, the non-yeasted dough that you knead together the first time is pretty much firm enough to knead by hand successfully. Working in the wetter starter into the overnight-fermented unyeasted dough will be a nightmare by hand, but you can cut the starter into much smaller pieces and it will come together faster, maybe even just with a spoon. Then let the dough rise for 6 hours on the countertop, and then 24 hours in the fridge. Then remove, shape, place back in the fridge for another 8-12 hours, then let rise on the countertop 3-4 hours before baking. This extended fermentation should develop the gluten enough without rising. You can experiment by shortening the chilling times and can probably get it down to a 24-36 hour window with acceptable results.

        1. Kakariki Avatar
          Kakariki

          Just a thought – would a breadmaker on dough setting work? I imagine it won’t be as good as a dough hook, but would it be good enough?

          1. Ben Avatar

            Leah, I’m not really sure, to be honest, I’ve never owned a bread machine. It will probably work, but I’d leave it in there a lot longer, because the dough hook on a bread machine is much smaller! Maybe 20 minutes? Let me know how it turns out! (The Man burns in 191 days!)

          2. Kakariki Avatar
            Kakariki

            OK, so I gave this a go, and I really wouldn’t recommend it. Breadmakers just don’t seem to have the grunt to handle this dough – the paddle hit it and stopped dead. So looks like it’s sticky hands if you don’t have a bench mixer for this one… not that I mind an excuse to get the Kenwood out, but its presence on my bench tends to result in the presence of fattening sweets. 😉

            In spite of messing around with the kneading though, the bread turned out awesome! As did my friend’s loaf, from my barm. Hoping to get another one made in the next day or so. (186 days – I have tickets!)

          3. Ben Avatar

            Leah, thanks for the input. I’d give it another go, but I’d add another ounce or two of water to make a really wet dough. One of the benefits of the breadmaker is that you don’t ever have to touch the dough, so you can use MUCH wetter doughs, which can result in superior texture and crumb. Experiment! Honestly, the wetter the dough, the better the final bread, but with traditional methods, you run into problems supporting the loaf as it rises because wet loaves tend to spread out. If you’re kneading, rising, and baking in the same container, those problems are eliminated. Long, slow ferments of very wet doughs make EXTRAORDINARY bread.

        2. Ayleyaell Avatar

          I’ll try it! Rustic San Diego where I live does have electricity but I love your alternative method. Bookmarked and will definitely share! Thank you! And FRANK is on my bucket list. Hope to see you one day!

  3. Alissa Avatar
    Alissa

    Will using freshly ground flour (soft white wheat) work for the barm building and loaf making?

    1. Ben Avatar

      Alissa, soft wheat flour doesn’t have the protein content to make a superior loaf. Also, the sharp husks of the wheat shell will slice the developing gluten fibers, resulting in a dense loaf. It will be VERY tasty! But it won’t have the superior texture and crust that you’ll get by using high protein “strong” wheat flour. Especially if you are grinding the flour yourself…you’re not going as fine a mill as commercially ground flours. I love making whole wheat bread and the addition of whole wheat flour to this recipe results in excellent flavor. But the texture and crust will definitely suffer, particularly if you’re using home-milled soft wheat flour.

  4. Beebalm Avatar
    Beebalm

    couldn’t figure out how many days from start to finish…Finish beiing a baked loaf….Thank you.

    This is very detailed

    1. Ben Avatar

      The problem is that I CAN’T tell you how many days from start to finish if you are starting from scratch! It will depend on how quickly your starter takes off. Once you have a stable starter, this bread takes 1 day from start to finish. Start it the afternoon or evening before the day you bake. It will be ready by dinner the next day.

  5. Glenn Avatar
    Glenn

    Would boiling hops, like in a beer wort work in place of pineapple juice for starting the bram?
    Q

    1. Ben Avatar

      Glenn, that’s an intriguing idea. Remember that hops contribute significant bitterness, though I would imagine that bitterness would work itself out over time in the starter. However, while we DO know that hops don’t interfere with the yeast strains that commonly produce beer, the yeast and lactobacillus symbiosis that thrives in a bread starter may or may not respond to hops’ antibacterial properties. It’s definitely worth an experiment. What’s the worst that can happen?

  6. beebalm Avatar
    beebalm

    How great that you responded to my question!

  7. Joi (@Joi_the_Artist) Avatar

    Right now, I am even more sad that my oven is busted, because I really, really, really want to try this. Time to go bug the landlord again…

  8. Scott_PJ Avatar
    Scott_PJ

    Ben, this bread sounds like an incredible recipe. I’d really love to undertake it, even if the process is more than a week.

    Something I want to ask before I do this. Does the size of the dutch oven matter? I have about three dutch ovens I could use, but I’m wondering if I would have to change the baking time/temperature if my dutch oven is too wide or not wide enough. I’m also a little concerned for all that waste, but it sounds necessary to get that one perfect loaf. Can’t wait to make it!

    1. Ben Avatar

      Scott, the baking time should not adjust unless your LOAF size changes. The best option is for the loaf to touch the sides of the Dutch all around, so it’s supported as it rises. (Otherwise it may end up spreading out a bit and be more flat than high.) It will also affect texture if the sides of the oven don’t support it. I use a 5-qt Dutch.

  9. Carrie Avatar
    Carrie

    Wow, I’ve made bagels before (that was an overnight thing) never 7 day bread..that is even crazier than Amish friendship bread!! I think I will have to try this one, I’ll let you know how it turns out 🙂

  10. Colette Avatar
    Colette

    Mold started growing on my seed culture on day 4! Help! What went wrong?

    1. Ben Avatar

      Colette, one other person who tried this had a similar problem, but he has a lot of mold in his house. The seed culture takes whatever wild organisms are present in your air, and gives them a happy home to concentrate and grow. So if you have MORE mold in your air than wild yeasts, which isn’t common, you’re going to culture mold in your starter rather than wild yeasts and lactobacillus cultures. You might consider having your house tested for mold. You might also restart and make sure your starter isn’t tightly covered the first few days, just drape a cloth over it, so it can breathe. See if you get the same result. If you do, you’ve definitely got a mold problem in your house. (Try starting the starter in your bedroom, or another room, or wait for warmer weather and start it outside or in your garage.)

      1. Colette Avatar
        Colette

        Hi Ben, thx for your answer. I think I wrapped the starter too tight with the plastic wrap at the start. Havn’t lived in this house for long so I have no idea if there are any mold problems (renting). Just as well I have to restart since I only get my Dutch oven next week!

        1. Beth Daugherity Avatar
          Beth Daugherity

          A tea towel is working well for me. We really have hardly any mold here in the house. I think it might be that the rye flour was not as fresh as it could have been. =/ I bought a new bag just for this recipe, but who knows how long it takes to deplete a stock of rye flour in our fair city. 😉

          1. Ben Avatar

            Indeed! Ah, Abilene. If this one doesn’t work out, holler and I’ll just mail you some of my starter!

  11. Shahriyar Avatar
    Shahriyar

    Hi Ben,
    Rather than throwing out half of the “dough” at each step, you can just make another loaf out of the discarded pieces and another loaf out of those discarded pieces and on to infinity.

    An infinite amount of the best bread in the world!!

    1. Ben Avatar

      David, in the first week of building your sourdough culture or barm, there’s not enough viable yeast in the culture to leaven a loaf of bread. But yes, for subsequent feedings of your barm, you don’t have to discard it. (Though not all of us have time to start a loaf of bread every time our barm needs to be fed!)

  12. Beth Daugherity Avatar
    Beth Daugherity

    Ack, my barm just molded! Sounds like a great day to start over. 🙂

    1. Ben Avatar

      Several folks have reported molded barm, Beth. You’re not alone. This may indicate you have a high mold concentration in your house or kitchen. The barm is designed to capture the predominant bacteria in your air and give it a happy place to live, so if you have more mold in your air than wild yeast or lactobacillus, that’s what you’re going to culture in your barm. Try again in another room of your house, or outdoors or in your garage when the weather warms up!

  13. Beth Daugherity Avatar
    Beth Daugherity

    You would not think my little house in Abilene would have much mold right now! (Well, I would not anyway.) I will try a change of scenery. Thanks Ben! 🙂

    1. Ben Avatar

      Beth, winter is the time when west Texas has the highest mold rates, because it’s the most humid time we normally experience. My Dad’s barber shop over in Snyder is having HUGE mold problems. Give it a try in another room, or a friend’s kitchen, and cover it with a kitchen towel to get a little more air circulation, and see what happens!

  14. Beth yehaskel Avatar
    Beth yehaskel

    I hit day 3 on seed culture, and my dough is just sitting there 48 hours later, not doing anything. I used filtered water from my fridge, everything to the letters what’s up??

  15. Beth yehaskel Avatar
    Beth yehaskel

    Sorry – actually meant I got to stage 4 – and have been watching and waiting for signs of activity. It’s 48 hours later and not even a slight rise in level.

    1. Ben Avatar

      Beth, it sounds like there wasn’t enough wild yeast in your rye flour. But don’t despair. Give it another few days to see if you get any activity. It just might take off. If not, you may need to start with a new batch of rye flour. In some stores, rye flour doesn’t move very fast, and it may have been on the shelf for several months…did you check the expiration date?

  16. Beth yehaskel Avatar
    Beth yehaskel

    Ack – woke up today and it was molded! starting over. You know, instead of keeping it on the kitchen counter, I’d been keeping it in a cabinet out of the way. Maybe it needs to be more in the open air? I’ll check the date on the rye flour too. Determined to make this bread happen!

    1. Ben Avatar

      Yes, Beth, it should be on the countertop in the light! The dark will encourage a specific type of mold to grow.

  17. John Avatar
    John

    Hi Ben

    You write that you use “filtered water” throughout the recipe, Is filtered water the same as distilled water? Or is it “drinking water” that you can also buy at the grocery store?

    TIA, John

    1. Ben Avatar

      Hi, John! I get filtered water out of my fridge, but any water from the store will suffice. The problem with tap water is that it has chlorine or chloramine in it, which will kill yeast and bacteria.

  18. Candice Avatar
    Candice

    Hi Ben! What is a good container to put my barm in? I will not be using it often so I would like to freeze it. Space is limited so is it ok to put it in a zip lock freezer bag, a Tupperware container, or to even break it up in separate groups for smaller Tupperware containers? I’m looking for a solution that will protect my barm and take up as minimal space as possible. Thank you!

    1. Ben Avatar

      Candice, ziploc freezer bags are totally fine for freezing your barm. You’ll lose a little of the barm because it sticks to the sides of the bag, but if you’re in a space crunch, the bag is the best idea. And you don’t have to hold a LOT of barm…a cup is generally more than enough, you can always build it rapidly over a day or two if you need to make a LOT of bread. You can also keep it in a small tupperware if you want. But a cup of barm is enough to freeze for later use.

  19. Ygic Avatar
    Ygic

    Hey Ben, love you recipes! When putting barm back in fridge after feeding it (after is been on countertop loosely covere) should it remain loosely covered in the fridge, or can I put Tupperware lid on firmly?

    1. Ben Avatar

      I put the container on the lid firmly when it goes back into the fridge!

  20. Candice Avatar
    Candice

    Hi Ben,

    I was just taking my barm out and it looks a little funny. It’s about 2-3 weeks later. Some of the bubbles on top have some areas that look a little white colored, slightly different than the rest. It’s been in a Tupperware container the whole time in the fridge. Think it’s ok? Thanks again!

    1. Ben Avatar

      Candice, you should be just fine…I’ve gone well over a month without feeding my barm. Feed it, let it sit on the counter for a few hours, and you’ll know if its alive, it willbe nice and bubbly.

  21. Candice Avatar
    Candice

    Another question….I was thinking of weighing my ingredients. What do you think of that? I’m a little nervous because when I was weighing out 1 cup of Rye flour, it ended up weighing more than what various websites suggest 1 cup should convert to. I found that 1 cup of Rye flour should be equivalent to 4.5oz or 102grams. I don’t know what to go by! Should I just keep it simple and use the measuring cup or go by weight? Thanks in advance!

  22. Candice Avatar
    Candice

    I went with the measurement method, based on the measurements you provided later on in the recipe! Hopefully everything turns out well! I’d love to know what brand if bread flour you use. I had a hard time deciding which one to go with.

    1. Ben Avatar

      Candice, I use whatever bread flour I can find, or is on sale, provided it’s unbleached. Gold Medal and King Arthur are my go-tos.

  23. Candice Avatar
    Candice

    I decided to go by weight for the new barm batch.

    I made the bread. I had trouble with a couple of areas. I don’t feel like I got a large rise on my sourdough starter. I let it sit for more than the minimum, but not too long. It was very hard to get the dough to form a tight ball. The dough was still very loose. I feel that it flattened out and therefore made it harder to figure out if it rose high enough. Also, the step that involved spreading my hand out and dropping the dough from the towel/bowl was a disaster. Even with liberally flouring the surface of the towel, I had to have someone pull the towel away from the dough. The dough baked and tasted well, but I’m not sure if it turned out the way it was supposed to. It tasted great, but it didn’t appear like the bread in your picture. Please help me identify what could be wrong.

    Just for background:
    Conditions in my apartment were about 76 degrees during the bread process. I kept the air conditioner off in the room where I had things rising. I didn’t have a stand mixer, but I used a danish dough hook that seemed to work well for kneading. I was able to achieve smoothness at the appropriate stages.

    My seed culture got huge rise on day 4 right before the barm stage. It rose in a room that was about 85 degrees and tripled in about 4hrs.

    1. Ben Avatar

      Candice, it’s also possible that your particular culture needs longer to rise the bread. Some starters need 3-4 days for the initial rise, it depends entirely on the characteristics of the bacteria and yeast indigenous to your area. I DO think your dough is too wet if you’re having problems with it sticking and not forming a solid loaf. But once you get your flour to water ratio right so your dough is stiff enough to support itself as it rises, if you’re still getting a dense loaf that’s not rising well, increase your initial rise at room temp until you DO get a doubling in size…which may take more than a day. Don’t sweat it.

    2. Robin Avatar
      Robin

      Hi Candice, I don’t know if you’ve already got your bread all figured out but I just wanted to reassure you–my first attempt at this bread took nearly THIRTY hours for the first rise! And the bread was still gorgeous and delicious.

  24. Candice Avatar
    Candice

    I tried this again using a dough hook on a kitchen aid stand mixer. It still didn’t come out right. I’m not getting good rises and I’m not getting a tight dough ball to form. It simply oozes to the shape of the bowl and sticks to the heavily floured towel. I would LOVE some help troubleshooting. I hope everything is ok with you, since I haven’t heard back from you yet.

    1. Ben Avatar

      Candice, you need more flour. If your dough is running, it’s ratio of liquid to flour is too high. Continue adding flour a bit at a time, until you get a dough that is FULLY clearing the bottom of the bowl after a few minutes of kneading. Start there. Then, once you get a feel for what the texture should be like, you can back off the flour a bit to have a slightly wetter dough, which will give you a better final texture. But right now you’ve got too much liquid to flour ratio.

  25. Pat Avatar
    Pat

    Ben, I have an active sour dough starter, that I have ha for 20+ years that I have had varying degrees of success with. I am going to give your method a try. So with that being said, will home ground Rye Flour work for the Barm?

    1. Ben Avatar

      Pat, exclusive rye flour as the barm will make the barm have less leavening power…but the ultimate bread will have more flavor (and will likely be far more dense.)

      1. Pat Avatar
        Pat

        Thank you, I followed your method using my starter. The bread took 4 days to proof. My husband stated that it was the best sourdough bread I have ever made. I am going to try and adapt the bread using whole wheat and other grains. Do you gave any suggestions for using whole wheat and whole grains? Again thank you.

  26. Robin Avatar
    Robin

    I’ve made this bread twice now, once just a white sourdough and the second time adapted to include whole wheat, rye, and spelt (along with white bread flour). They were both amazing, though obviously the whole wheat one was different.

    For those (like me!) without a stand mixer, it is definitely possible to do this with hands and/or a wooden spoon, plus a long rise. Hand-held beaters are a definite no–don’t do it unless you want dough sprayed around the kitchen! I’ve found that it’s easiest to integrate the starter with a wooden spoon and energetic folding with said spoon, followed by “kneading in the air” to fully incorporate the starter–I do get sticky here, but not impossibly so. It eventually gets to the point where moving quickly prevents tons of dough from sticking to your hands–i.e., use gravity to stretch and pull from one hand serving as “hook”, and have your oiled bowl ready so you don’t have to sit with the dough in your hands. But, I do think it’s possible to just use more energetic folding with the spoon to fully incorporate the starter if you really don’t want to get sticky.

    1. Ben Avatar

      I should say that I’ve been baking this bread in the desert at Burning Man all week, with no stand mixer. I just mix the starter, flour, water, and salt by hand, do a bit of hand-kneading inside the bowl, and dump it into a ziploc bag to rise for a day. It comes out fabulous.

  27. Courtney Avatar
    Courtney

    Do you have suggestions on where to let the barm rise that would be close to 80degrees in the winter? My house us no where near that warm right now and being at high altitude already equites a longer rise time. Thoughts?

    1. Ben Avatar

      Courtney, you can place the barm in your oven with the oven light on. This should keep things warm enough for the yeast to take hold!

  28. Ernie DeLuise Avatar
    Ernie DeLuise

    Hey Ben, I baked a loaf last night and it was fantastic! It’s one if the best breads I’ve ever had which is saying a lot as I live in new jersey where there are some incredible old world style bakeries. Thank you so very much for taking the time to really explain this process and make it possible for people to learn it. I am a professional cook but my heart is really in doing my own thing at home, mastering it and then bringing it to the restaurant for everyone’s inspiration and input. I’ve been doing a lot of meat and sausage curing and smoking at home and I wonder if you have recipes techniques and ideas that you’d share?
    Thanks again for showing me how to make the best loaf of bread in the world!
    -Ernie

    1. Ben Avatar

      Hi, Ernie! I do cure my own meats, but haven’t blogged much about it, other than my blog about building your own aging chamber from an old refrigerator. You start getting into territory that could be potentially dangerous when you start curing meats, and I encourage everyone interested in that to start from the many wonderful resources available in print and online for meat curing.

  29. Ernie DeLuise Avatar
    Ernie DeLuise

    Thank you Ben! I assure you that I take every precaution! On a big sausage kick at the moment. My friends are very happy about this. I’d like to hear your take on binding. I’m thinking of buying a commercial meat mixer (my hands hate the kneading) to better hold the fat to my grind. I use dehydrated milk and ice in the Cuisinart with about a third of my seasoned grind right now and I’ve had some good results (especially with hot dogs and polish style sausage). The more rustic styles ie: Italian, andoullie, and chorizo really don’t require that dense smooth texture. Any thoughts on binding larger die cuts (I keep everything almost frozen, temp and fat content are not the problem) would be appreciated.

    1. Ben Avatar

      Ernie, I have to say that I actually STRONGLY dislike fine-textured sausages like hot dogs, so I haven’t ever attempted to make them. I’m a rustic, chunky sausage guy!

  30. Ernie DeLuise Avatar
    Ernie DeLuise

    Thanks Ben!

  31. Shellie Avatar
    Shellie

    The most amazing loaf I have ever made! I used a well established whole wheat sourdough starter. Then used 1cup sifted, freshly ground whole wheat flour to mix with the starter and 2 cups sifted, freshly ground whole wheat flour plus 2.5 cups all purpose flour for the second step of bread making. I did add 2 tbsp vital wheat gluten as well. It was a marvelous dough to work with and utterly deliciou! I am going to try bumping up the amount of whole wheat flour and see how far it can go. Thanks for the great recipe!

    1. Ben Avatar

      Thanks for the great input, Shellie! Lots of folks are keenly interested in whole wheat, and I’ll be addressing the use of whole wheat in sourdough in my new web series. Keep us posted on how far you’re able to go and still maintain an open texture!

  32. ceelo Avatar
    ceelo

    What bread is this from the Peter Reinhart book? YOu must have gotten the recipe from somewhere?

    1. Ben Avatar

      This is an assemblage of techniques from many sources, with my own experimentation and modification. However, this is a recipe that is several years old, and my technique has changed. I’ll be doing a major series on bread and sourdough in 2020.

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